 HRD Definitions and Evolving Trends |
Namhee Kim (Korean Educational Development Institute) |
Human resource development(HRD) advances as an independent discipline in a relatively short period. Since 1970s when the term of HRD was first introduced, its definition, purpose, and domains are changed, expanded. The purpose of this study is to analyze key scholars (Nadler, McLagan, Chaflosky, Swanson, Watkins) definition of HRD and change of their positions historically. In particular, process and purpose, underlying theories, and domains were mainly analyzed. Process and purpose of HRD was approached from two different perspectives. First one is learning paradigm and the second one is performance paradigm. Earlier HRD approaches were based on adult learning theories and psychology and then their foundational theories were expanded to systems theory, economics, and organizational behavior. Earlier HRD approaches mainly focused on training and development. Domains of HRD became to include organization development and career development later. Based on these analyses, human resource development practitioners including human performance technologist need to pay attention to informal and incidental learning, and furthermore organizational learning. Finally, HRD practitioners including human performance technologist should be competent about business strategy and systems thinking. Keywords : Learning Paradigm, Performance Paradigm |
| ICT integration policies in secondary education: An international comparison |
Myung Geun Lee (Yonsei University) |
The purpose of this article is to compare ICT initiatives for education reforms of three countries representing different continents with different cultural backgrounds: the Republic of Korea, the Federal Republic of Germany and the United States of America. Through comparison, some convergences and divergences were found as anticipated. Convergences were found especially in terms of intervention of central government and the spectrum of core policies. Divergences were found especially in implementation approaches and processes of policy decision-making regarding ICT integration into education. Comparing divergences among the three countries reveals common tasks for which they may cooperate on in order to resolve mutual problems. Through the observation of school sites of each country, as well as related literatures, one can see that ICT integration is still far from being satisfactory. Thus, it is implied that, in addition to individual country’s efforts such as increasing teacher training, diverse international cooperation focused on common problems must be devised among the three countries. Key words : ICT, International comparison, ICT policy |
| Model fitting techniques toward designing a web-based adaptive CMI system |
Youngcook Jun (Sunchon National University) |
This paper presents several student models that are applicable for designing web-based CMI. Among them, four representative models are described and compared in terms of model fitting techniques: overlay model, bug-library model, ASPM and Bayesian network model. Considering uncertain factors associated with cognitive diagnosis and learning management, Bayesian network technique is adopted for designing a web-based program that manages prescriptive instruction with mathematical test items. In the prototype, students responses are tracked down and managed in such a way that Bayesian network model can provide adaptive instruction during learning sessions. The design framework illustrates how the necessary model construction and update is done with Netica software in a web environment. Keywords : model fitting, Bayesian network model, CMI, adaptive instruction |
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